Central nervous system tuberculosis in children presents commonly as tubercular meningitis, post-tubercular meningitis hydrocephalus, and much more rarely as space-occupying lesions known as tuberculomas. The occurrence of this condition, though previously reported only in the developing world, is now frequently reported in human immunodeficiency virus positive migrants in the western world. The exact pathogenesis of this condition is still incompletely understood, and the mainstay of treatment is chemotherapeutic regimes. Neurosurgical intervention is rarely necessary, and is confined to cases of hydrocephalus after tubercular meningitis and to large tubeculomas with space-occupying effects.
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